Control:Article Title: AARS1-mediated lactylation of STAT1 drives immune evasion.
Article Snippet: .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies anti-LDHA Proteintech Cat#19987-1-AP; RRID:AB_10646429 anti-AARS1 Proteintech Cat#17394-1-AP; RRID:AB_2219748 anti-CXCL10 Proteintech Cat#10937-1-AP; RRID:AB_2088002 anti-Tubulin Proteintech Cat#66031-1-Ig; RRID:AB_11042766 anti-Flag-HRP Proteintech Cat#HRP-66008; RRID:AB_2883835 anti-HA-HRP Proteintech Cat#HRP-81290; RRID:AB_3086578 HRP-conjugated Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L) Proteintech Cat#SA00001-2; RRID:AB_2722564 HRP-conjugated Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H + L) Proteintech Cat#SA00001-1; RRID:AB_2722565 anti-STAT1 HuaBio Cat#ET1606-39; RRID:AB_3069734 anti-JAK2 HuaBio Cat#ET1607-35; RRID:AB_3069760 anti-5mC HuaBio Cat#HA601350; RRID:AB_3740270 anti-p-STAT1 ABclonal Cat#AP0135; RRID:AB_2771563 anti-H3K27me3 ABclonal Cat#A2362; RRID:AB_2764322 anti-Pan-Kla PTM Biolab Cat#PTM-1401; RRID:AB_2868521 anti-Myc-HRP GNI Cat#GNI4310; RRID:AB_2885081 anti-CD8 Cell Signaling Technology Cat#98941; RRID:AB_2756376 anti-STAT1-K193la GL Biochem Ltd N/A PE/Cyanine7 anti-mouse CD45 Biolegend Cat#103114; RRID:AB_312979 FITC anti-mouse CD3 Biolegend Cat#100204; RRID:AB_312661 PE anti-mouse CD8 Biolegend Cat#126607; RRID:AB_961300 APC anti-mouse IFN-γ Biolegend Cat#505810; RRID:AB_315404 APC anti-mouse TNF-α Biolegend Cat#506308; RRID:AB_315429 APC anti-human/mouse Granzyme B Biolegend Cat#372204; RRID:AB_2687028 InVivoMAb anti-mouse PD-1 BioXCell Cat#BE0146; RRID:AB_10949053 InVivoMAb rat IgG2a isotype control BioXCell Cat#BE0089; RRID:AB_1107769 Bacterial and virus strains Trelief 5α Tsingke Cat#DLC101 Stbl3 NCM Biotech Cat#MC102 Biological samples Patient-derived CRC tissue samples Tongji Hospital, Shanghai N/A Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Lactate Sigma-Aldrich Cat#L1750 Sodium lactate Sigma-Aldrich Cat#71718 Sodium oxamate Target Mol Cat#T19831 Stiripentol Target Mol Cat#T4498 IL-2 Protein, Mouse Target Mol Cat#TMPY-02788 Human IFN-γ MCE Cat#HY-P7025 Mouse IFN-γ MCE Cat#HY-P7071 Fedratinib MCE Cat#HY-10409 Mouse CXCL10 MCE Cat#HY-P7227 IL-2 Protein, Human MCE CatHY-P7037 K193-pe Guoping Pharmaceutic Inc N/A K193R-pe Guoping Pharmaceutic Inc N/A Rhodamine B-K193-pe GL Biochem Ltd N/A (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117094, March 24, 2026 17 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Rhodamine B-K193-pe GL Biochem Ltd N/A Anti-Flag affinity gels Beyotime Biotechnology Cat#P2271 Anti-HA affinity gels Beyotime Biotechnology Cat#P2287 Protein A + G agarose gels Beyotime Biotechnology Cat#P2197 Collagenase IV Diamond Cat#A004186 Collagenase I Diamond Cat#A004194 Hyaluronidase BBI CO., LTD Cat#B618252 Percoll Cytiva Cat#17089102 2 × Phanta Flash Master Mix Vazyme Cat#P520 Critical commercial assays EZ-press RNA Purification Kit EZBioscience Cat#B0004D EasySepTM Mouse CD8a Positive Selection Kit II Stem Cell Technology Cat#18953 EasySepTM Human CD8+ T cell Isolation Kit Stem Cell Technology Cat#17953 ImmunoCultTM Mouse T cell Activator Kit Stem Cell Technology Cat#100-1572 ImmunoCultTM Human CD3/CD28/CD2 T cell Activator Kit Stem Cell Technology Cat#100-0785 Mouse MIγ/CXCL9 ELISA Kit Elabscience Cat#E-EL-M3077 Human MIγ/CXCL9 ELISA Kit Elabscience Cat#E-EL-H6062 Mouse IP-10/CXCL10 ELISA Kit Elabscience Cat#E-EL-M0021 Human IP-10/CXCL10 ELISA Kit Elabscience Cat#E-EL-H0050 Intracellular staining kit eBioscience Cat#2809759 Dual-LumiTM Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay Kit Beyotime Cat#RG088S Experimental models: Cell lines HEK293T NCAC Cat#SCSP-502 AGS NCAC Cat#TCHu232 HCT116 Meilunbio Cat#PWE-HU019 MC38 Generous gift of Dr. Lei Lv N/A B16F10 BaiDi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Cat#C5031 Experimental models: Organisms/strains C57BL/6J JieSiJie Laboratory Animals N/A Oligonucleotides See Tables S2–S5 N/A N/A Recombinant DNA pCMV-Flag-STAT1-EGFP-Neo MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P39925 pCMV-Myc-JAK1-Neo MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P72111 pCMV-Myc-JAK2-Neo MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P72140 pCMV-HA-AARS1-Neo MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P64879 pCMV-HA-NAA10-Neo MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P50690 pSIN-EF2-HA-NAA15 MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P70852 pCMV-HA-NAA40-Neo MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P78130 pLV3-IFNGR1-Flag-Puro MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P64806 pLV3-STAT1-β-Flag-Neo MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P81042 pLV3-IFNGR1-HA-Puro MiaoLingPlasmid N/A pSTAT1-Luc MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P45284 pRL-TK MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P0372 HA-P300 This paper N/A HA-CBP This paper N/A Myc-KAT5 This paper N/A Myc-KAT8 This paper N/A (Continued on next page) 18 Cell Reports 45, 117094, March 24, 2026
Virus:Article Title: AARS1-mediated lactylation of STAT1 drives immune evasion.
Article Snippet: .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies anti-LDHA Proteintech Cat#19987-1-AP; RRID:AB_10646429 anti-AARS1 Proteintech Cat#17394-1-AP; RRID:AB_2219748 anti-CXCL10 Proteintech Cat#10937-1-AP; RRID:AB_2088002 anti-Tubulin Proteintech Cat#66031-1-Ig; RRID:AB_11042766 anti-Flag-HRP Proteintech Cat#HRP-66008; RRID:AB_2883835 anti-HA-HRP Proteintech Cat#HRP-81290; RRID:AB_3086578 HRP-conjugated Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L) Proteintech Cat#SA00001-2; RRID:AB_2722564 HRP-conjugated Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H + L) Proteintech Cat#SA00001-1; RRID:AB_2722565 anti-STAT1 HuaBio Cat#ET1606-39; RRID:AB_3069734 anti-JAK2 HuaBio Cat#ET1607-35; RRID:AB_3069760 anti-5mC HuaBio Cat#HA601350; RRID:AB_3740270 anti-p-STAT1 ABclonal Cat#AP0135; RRID:AB_2771563 anti-H3K27me3 ABclonal Cat#A2362; RRID:AB_2764322 anti-Pan-Kla PTM Biolab Cat#PTM-1401; RRID:AB_2868521 anti-Myc-HRP GNI Cat#GNI4310; RRID:AB_2885081 anti-CD8 Cell Signaling Technology Cat#98941; RRID:AB_2756376 anti-STAT1-K193la GL Biochem Ltd N/A PE/Cyanine7 anti-mouse CD45 Biolegend Cat#103114; RRID:AB_312979 FITC anti-mouse CD3 Biolegend Cat#100204; RRID:AB_312661 PE anti-mouse CD8 Biolegend Cat#126607; RRID:AB_961300 APC anti-mouse IFN-γ Biolegend Cat#505810; RRID:AB_315404 APC anti-mouse TNF-α Biolegend Cat#506308; RRID:AB_315429 APC anti-human/mouse Granzyme B Biolegend Cat#372204; RRID:AB_2687028 InVivoMAb anti-mouse PD-1 BioXCell Cat#BE0146; RRID:AB_10949053 InVivoMAb rat IgG2a isotype control BioXCell Cat#BE0089; RRID:AB_1107769 Bacterial and virus strains Trelief 5α Tsingke Cat#DLC101 Stbl3 NCM Biotech Cat#MC102 Biological samples Patient-derived CRC tissue samples Tongji Hospital, Shanghai N/A Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Lactate Sigma-Aldrich Cat#L1750 Sodium lactate Sigma-Aldrich Cat#71718 Sodium oxamate Target Mol Cat#T19831 Stiripentol Target Mol Cat#T4498 IL-2 Protein, Mouse Target Mol Cat#TMPY-02788 Human IFN-γ MCE Cat#HY-P7025 Mouse IFN-γ MCE Cat#HY-P7071 Fedratinib MCE Cat#HY-10409 Mouse CXCL10 MCE Cat#HY-P7227 IL-2 Protein, Human MCE CatHY-P7037 K193-pe Guoping Pharmaceutic Inc N/A K193R-pe Guoping Pharmaceutic Inc N/A Rhodamine B-K193-pe GL Biochem Ltd N/A (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117094, March 24, 2026 17 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Rhodamine B-K193-pe GL Biochem Ltd N/A Anti-Flag affinity gels Beyotime Biotechnology Cat#P2271 Anti-HA affinity gels Beyotime Biotechnology Cat#P2287 Protein A + G agarose gels Beyotime Biotechnology Cat#P2197 Collagenase IV Diamond Cat#A004186 Collagenase I Diamond Cat#A004194 Hyaluronidase BBI CO., LTD Cat#B618252 Percoll Cytiva Cat#17089102 2 × Phanta Flash Master Mix Vazyme Cat#P520 Critical commercial assays EZ-press RNA Purification Kit EZBioscience Cat#B0004D EasySepTM Mouse CD8a Positive Selection Kit II Stem Cell Technology Cat#18953 EasySepTM Human CD8+ T cell Isolation Kit Stem Cell Technology Cat#17953 ImmunoCultTM Mouse T cell Activator Kit Stem Cell Technology Cat#100-1572 ImmunoCultTM Human CD3/CD28/CD2 T cell Activator Kit Stem Cell Technology Cat#100-0785 Mouse MIγ/CXCL9 ELISA Kit Elabscience Cat#E-EL-M3077 Human MIγ/CXCL9 ELISA Kit Elabscience Cat#E-EL-H6062 Mouse IP-10/CXCL10 ELISA Kit Elabscience Cat#E-EL-M0021 Human IP-10/CXCL10 ELISA Kit Elabscience Cat#E-EL-H0050 Intracellular staining kit eBioscience Cat#2809759 Dual-LumiTM Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay Kit Beyotime Cat#RG088S Experimental models: Cell lines HEK293T NCAC Cat#SCSP-502 AGS NCAC Cat#TCHu232 HCT116 Meilunbio Cat#PWE-HU019 MC38 Generous gift of Dr. Lei Lv N/A B16F10 BaiDi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Cat#C5031 Experimental models: Organisms/strains C57BL/6J JieSiJie Laboratory Animals N/A Oligonucleotides See Tables S2–S5 N/A N/A Recombinant DNA pCMV-Flag-STAT1-EGFP-Neo MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P39925 pCMV-Myc-JAK1-Neo MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P72111 pCMV-Myc-JAK2-Neo MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P72140 pCMV-HA-AARS1-Neo MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P64879 pCMV-HA-NAA10-Neo MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P50690 pSIN-EF2-HA-NAA15 MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P70852 pCMV-HA-NAA40-Neo MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P78130 pLV3-IFNGR1-Flag-Puro MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P64806 pLV3-STAT1-β-Flag-Neo MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P81042 pLV3-IFNGR1-HA-Puro MiaoLingPlasmid N/A pSTAT1-Luc MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P45284 pRL-TK MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P0372 HA-P300 This paper N/A HA-CBP This paper N/A Myc-KAT5 This paper N/A Myc-KAT8 This paper N/A (Continued on next page) 18 Cell Reports 45, 117094, March 24, 2026
Recombinant:Article Title: AARS1-mediated lactylation of STAT1 drives immune evasion.
Article Snippet: .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies anti-LDHA Proteintech Cat#19987-1-AP; RRID:AB_10646429 anti-AARS1 Proteintech Cat#17394-1-AP; RRID:AB_2219748 anti-CXCL10 Proteintech Cat#10937-1-AP; RRID:AB_2088002 anti-Tubulin Proteintech Cat#66031-1-Ig; RRID:AB_11042766 anti-Flag-HRP Proteintech Cat#HRP-66008; RRID:AB_2883835 anti-HA-HRP Proteintech Cat#HRP-81290; RRID:AB_3086578 HRP-conjugated Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L) Proteintech Cat#SA00001-2; RRID:AB_2722564 HRP-conjugated Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H + L) Proteintech Cat#SA00001-1; RRID:AB_2722565 anti-STAT1 HuaBio Cat#ET1606-39; RRID:AB_3069734 anti-JAK2 HuaBio Cat#ET1607-35; RRID:AB_3069760 anti-5mC HuaBio Cat#HA601350; RRID:AB_3740270 anti-p-STAT1 ABclonal Cat#AP0135; RRID:AB_2771563 anti-H3K27me3 ABclonal Cat#A2362; RRID:AB_2764322 anti-Pan-Kla PTM Biolab Cat#PTM-1401; RRID:AB_2868521 anti-Myc-HRP GNI Cat#GNI4310; RRID:AB_2885081 anti-CD8 Cell Signaling Technology Cat#98941; RRID:AB_2756376 anti-STAT1-K193la GL Biochem Ltd N/A PE/Cyanine7 anti-mouse CD45 Biolegend Cat#103114; RRID:AB_312979 FITC anti-mouse CD3 Biolegend Cat#100204; RRID:AB_312661 PE anti-mouse CD8 Biolegend Cat#126607; RRID:AB_961300 APC anti-mouse IFN-γ Biolegend Cat#505810; RRID:AB_315404 APC anti-mouse TNF-α Biolegend Cat#506308; RRID:AB_315429 APC anti-human/mouse Granzyme B Biolegend Cat#372204; RRID:AB_2687028 InVivoMAb anti-mouse PD-1 BioXCell Cat#BE0146; RRID:AB_10949053 InVivoMAb rat IgG2a isotype control BioXCell Cat#BE0089; RRID:AB_1107769 Bacterial and virus strains Trelief 5α Tsingke Cat#DLC101 Stbl3 NCM Biotech Cat#MC102 Biological samples Patient-derived CRC tissue samples Tongji Hospital, Shanghai N/A Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Lactate Sigma-Aldrich Cat#L1750 Sodium lactate Sigma-Aldrich Cat#71718 Sodium oxamate Target Mol Cat#T19831 Stiripentol Target Mol Cat#T4498 IL-2 Protein, Mouse Target Mol Cat#TMPY-02788 Human IFN-γ MCE Cat#HY-P7025 Mouse IFN-γ MCE Cat#HY-P7071 Fedratinib MCE Cat#HY-10409 Mouse CXCL10 MCE Cat#HY-P7227 IL-2 Protein, Human MCE CatHY-P7037 K193-pe Guoping Pharmaceutic Inc N/A K193R-pe Guoping Pharmaceutic Inc N/A Rhodamine B-K193-pe GL Biochem Ltd N/A (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117094, March 24, 2026 17 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Rhodamine B-K193-pe GL Biochem Ltd N/A Anti-Flag affinity gels Beyotime Biotechnology Cat#P2271 Anti-HA affinity gels Beyotime Biotechnology Cat#P2287 Protein A + G agarose gels Beyotime Biotechnology Cat#P2197 Collagenase IV Diamond Cat#A004186 Collagenase I Diamond Cat#A004194 Hyaluronidase BBI CO., LTD Cat#B618252 Percoll Cytiva Cat#17089102 2 × Phanta Flash Master Mix Vazyme Cat#P520 Critical commercial assays EZ-press RNA Purification Kit EZBioscience Cat#B0004D EasySepTM Mouse CD8a Positive Selection Kit II Stem Cell Technology Cat#18953 EasySepTM Human CD8+ T cell Isolation Kit Stem Cell Technology Cat#17953 ImmunoCultTM Mouse T cell Activator Kit Stem Cell Technology Cat#100-1572 ImmunoCultTM Human CD3/CD28/CD2 T cell Activator Kit Stem Cell Technology Cat#100-0785 Mouse MIγ/CXCL9 ELISA Kit Elabscience Cat#E-EL-M3077 Human MIγ/CXCL9 ELISA Kit Elabscience Cat#E-EL-H6062 Mouse IP-10/CXCL10 ELISA Kit Elabscience Cat#E-EL-M0021 Human IP-10/CXCL10 ELISA Kit Elabscience Cat#E-EL-H0050 Intracellular staining kit eBioscience Cat#2809759 Dual-LumiTM Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay Kit Beyotime Cat#RG088S Experimental models: Cell lines HEK293T NCAC Cat#SCSP-502 AGS NCAC Cat#TCHu232 HCT116 Meilunbio Cat#PWE-HU019 MC38 Generous gift of Dr. Lei Lv N/A B16F10 BaiDi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Cat#C5031 Experimental models: Organisms/strains C57BL/6J JieSiJie Laboratory Animals N/A Oligonucleotides See Tables S2–S5 N/A N/A Recombinant DNA pCMV-Flag-STAT1-EGFP-Neo MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P39925 pCMV-Myc-JAK1-Neo MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P72111 pCMV-Myc-JAK2-Neo MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P72140 pCMV-HA-AARS1-Neo MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P64879 pCMV-HA-NAA10-Neo MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P50690 pSIN-EF2-HA-NAA15 MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P70852 pCMV-HA-NAA40-Neo MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P78130 pLV3-IFNGR1-Flag-Puro MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P64806 pLV3-STAT1-β-Flag-Neo MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P81042 pLV3-IFNGR1-HA-Puro MiaoLingPlasmid N/A pSTAT1-Luc MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P45284 pRL-TK MiaoLingPlasmid Cat#P0372 HA-P300 This paper N/A HA-CBP This paper N/A Myc-KAT5 This paper N/A Myc-KAT8 This paper N/A (Continued on next page) 18 Cell Reports 45, 117094, March 24, 2026
other:Article Title: Synergically enhanced anti-tumor immunity of in vivo panCAR by circRNA vaccine boosting
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER BRITELITE PLUS Perkinelmer Cat#6066761 DMEM (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium) Coring Cat#10-013-CV Fetal Bovine Serum Biological Industries Cat#C04001-500 Bovine Serum Albumin Merck Cat#B2064 RPMI 1640 BasalMedia Cat#L220KJ Pme I New England Biolabs Cat#R0560L DNase I New England Biolabs Cat#M0303L RNase R Epicentre Cat#RNR07250 Quick CIP New England Biolabs Cat#M0525L RNase Inhibitor, Murine New England Biolabs Cat#M0314L m7G(5′)ppp(5′)G RNA Cap Structure Analog New England Biolabs Cat#S1404S C12-200 AVT Cat#CK0239 Percoll cell isolation solution GE (Pharmacia) Cat#17089102 ACK Lysis Buffer Solarbio Cat#R1010 DOPE AVT Cat#S03005 ELISA Coating Solution bioss Cat#C04-01001 ELISA Stop Solution bioss Cat#C04-01003 ELISA Washing Buffer bioss Cat#C04-01004 1-Step TMB ELISA Substrate Solutions Thermo Cat#34028 BSA Sigma Cat#V900933 Recombinant human IL-2 protein MCE Cat#HY-P70758 HER2/CD340 Protein, Human MCE Cat#HY-P70254 Critical commercial assays DNA Clean & Concentrator Kit Zymo Research Cat#D4034 T7 High Yield RNA Synthesis Kit New England Biolabs Cat#E2040S RNA Clean & Concentrator Kit Zymo Research Cat#R1017 Monarch RNA Cleanup Kit New England Biolabs Cat#T2040L Quant-it RiboGreen RNA Assay Kit Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat#R11490 NEBNext Ultra II RNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina New England Biolabs CatE7770S NEBNext Poly(A) mRNA Magnetic Isolation Module New England Biolabs Cat#E7490L NEBNext Multiplex Oligos for Illumina (Index Primers Set 1) New England Biolabs Cat#E7335S Mouse IL-6 ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK00008 Mouse IL-1β ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK00006 Mouse TNF-α ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK00027 Mouse ALT ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK06383 Mouse AST ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK08442 Mouse ALP ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK02586 Agencourt AMPure XP Kit Beckman Cat#A63881 Deposited data RNA-seq This paper GEO: GSE268105 Experimental models: Cell lines HEK293T This paper N/A RAW 264.7 Shanghai Zhong Qiao Xin Zhou Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Cat#ZQ0098 4T1-HER2-Luc-EGFP Vigen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Cat#VGC-0066-022SS B16F10-HER2-Luc-EGFP Vigen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Cat#VGC-0106-010SS CT26-HER2-Luc-EGFP Vigen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Cat#VGC-0063-019SS MC38-HER2-Luc-EGFP Vigen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Cat#VGC-0062-031SS (Continued on next page) Cell Reports Medicine 6, 102250, August 19, 2025 e2 Article ll OPEN ACCESS
H&E Stain:Article Title: Lung epithelial endothelin-1 drives iron dysregulation and skeletal injury after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Anti-DDDDK (Flag) Tag Antibody Abcam Cat#ab1162; RRID:AB_2223202 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-36247; RRID:AB_2890589 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA17404; RRID:AB_1018422 Anti-endothelin-1 (ET-1) Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117757; RRID:AB_10890133 Anti-ETAR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117521; RRID:AB_10890131 Anti-ETBR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117529; RRID:AB_1090207 Anti-vWF Antibody Abcam Cat#ab6994; RRID:AB_305602 Anti-4HNE Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA527570; RRID:AB_2737298 Anti-Caspase 3 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#43-7800; RRID:AB_2533540 Anti-SP7 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab209484; RRID:AB_2894090 Anti-TFR1 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab84036; RRID:AB_1640421 Anti-p16INK4a Antibody Abcam Cat#ab189034; RRID:AB_2713948 Anti-p21 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-42680; RRID:AB_2687564 Anti-Actin Antibody Abcam Cat#ab179467; RRID:AB_2223046 Anti-Spike Protein S1 Neutralizing Antibody Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Anti-His Antibody Sigma SAB2702218; RRID:AB_3717312 Anti-Flag Antibody Sigma F3165; RRID:AB_259529 Anti-Myc Antibody Sigma A5963; RRID:AB_258265 Anti-TMO20 Antibody Proteintech Cat#11802-1-AP; RRID:AB_10859670 Bacterial and virus strains SARS-CoV-2 (HKU-001a, wildtype) Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number MT230904) N/A B.1.617.2/Delta Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number OM212471) N/A Omicron EG.5.1 Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GISAID: EPL_ISL_18461518) N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-Luciferase reporter Dr. Lin Zhu, Hong Kong Baptist University N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-GFP reporter Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. N/A Biological samples Human lung tissue Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human tibial osteochondral explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human articular cartilage explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human plasma samples Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Hamster organs (lung, liver, kidney, spleen) This paper N/A Hamster leg tissue This paper N/A Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Sinobiological Cat#40589-V08B1 (Continued on next page) 20 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Endothelin-1 Sigma-Aldrich Cat#117399-94-7 Macitentan Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd N/A BQ123 MCE Cat#HY-12378 BQ788 MCE Cat#HY-15894A FGF-2, Human MCE CatHY-P7004 FGF-1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7001 TGF-β1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7118 IL-1β, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7028 ITS-Premix Gibco Cat#41400045 L-proline MCE Cat#HY-Y0252 L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate MCE Cat#HY-103701 Dexamethasone MCE Cat#HY-14648 Sodium pyruvate Gibco Cat#11360070 Triiodothyronine (T3) MCE Cat#HY-A0070A Penicillin-Streptomycin (P/S) Gibco Cat#15140122 Amphotericin B Gibco Cat#15290018 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Dieckmann Cat#E112487 DMSO MCE Cat#HY-Y0320 Xylazine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A Ketamine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A SARS-CoV-2 S2 protein containing a C-terminal 8×His tag Sangon Biotech Cat#D625027 ETBR protein containing C-terminal Flag and Myc tags OriGene Technologies Cat#TP304899 CoCl2 MCE Cat#HY-W019980D Critical commercial assays 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) Vector Lab Cat#SK-4100 H&E Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab245880 Prussian Blue Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150674 Masson’s Trichrome Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150686 TRAP Stain Kit Amizona Scientific Cat#AMK1002-010 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit MCE Cat#HY-K1073 Caspase-3/7 Activity Assay Kit Promega Cat#G8091 Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat#E1501 E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit Omega Cat#R1034-00 PrimeScript RT Master Mix (Perfect Real Time) Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR036B One-Step TB Green RT-PCR Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR086A RNeasy Mini Kit Qiagen Cat#74104 E.Z.N.A.® Endo-Free Plasmid DNA Midi Kit Omega Cat#D6915-04 Lenti-X Lentiviral Packaging System TaKaRa Cat#632673 Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#13778075 LipofectamineTM 3000 Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#L3000001 Plasmids amplified kit TaKaRa Cat#9057 Human Endothelin 1 ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK09252 Cell Counting Kit-8 Biosharp Cat#BS350B (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 21 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Deposited data RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE267009 Single-nuclei RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE171524 Endothelin type B receptor Protein Structure Database PDB ID: 6IGL SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 fragment Prof. Xioadi Tang, SiChuan University residues 805–1020 Experimental models: Cell lines ATDC5 cells Prof. Limin Rong, Sun Yat-Sen University N/A C28/I2 cells Prof. Danny Chan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549-hACE2 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A HUVEC cells Prof. Mo Yang, he Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A MG-63 cells Dr. Poon Chui-wa, Christina, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) Oricell N/A Primary human chondrocytes Isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Experimental models: Organisms/strains Golden Syrian hamsters Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Oligonucleotides siRNA targeting EDNRA (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4465 siRNA targeting EDNRB (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4468 siRNA targeting EDN1 (Sense: 5′-CGAGCACGUUGU UCCGUAU(dT)(dT)-3’; Antisense: 5′-AUACGGAACAACGUGCUCG (dT)(dT)-3′ Tsingke N/A siRNA Negative Contral Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Forward (5′-CACCATTGGCAATGAGCGGTTC3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Reverse (5′-AGGTCTTTGCGGATGTCCACGT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Forward (5′-CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Reverse (5′-GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Forward (5′-AGGGCTGCTTTTAACTCTGGTAAA-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Reverse (5′-GAATTTGCCATGGGTGGAAT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Forward (5′-ATCGGTTGGTGCCACTGAATGG-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Reverse (5′-ACAACAGTGGGCTGGCAGAAAC-3′) Tsingke N/A (Continued on next page) 22 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026
Staining:Article Title: Lung epithelial endothelin-1 drives iron dysregulation and skeletal injury after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Anti-DDDDK (Flag) Tag Antibody Abcam Cat#ab1162; RRID:AB_2223202 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-36247; RRID:AB_2890589 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA17404; RRID:AB_1018422 Anti-endothelin-1 (ET-1) Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117757; RRID:AB_10890133 Anti-ETAR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117521; RRID:AB_10890131 Anti-ETBR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117529; RRID:AB_1090207 Anti-vWF Antibody Abcam Cat#ab6994; RRID:AB_305602 Anti-4HNE Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA527570; RRID:AB_2737298 Anti-Caspase 3 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#43-7800; RRID:AB_2533540 Anti-SP7 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab209484; RRID:AB_2894090 Anti-TFR1 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab84036; RRID:AB_1640421 Anti-p16INK4a Antibody Abcam Cat#ab189034; RRID:AB_2713948 Anti-p21 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-42680; RRID:AB_2687564 Anti-Actin Antibody Abcam Cat#ab179467; RRID:AB_2223046 Anti-Spike Protein S1 Neutralizing Antibody Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Anti-His Antibody Sigma SAB2702218; RRID:AB_3717312 Anti-Flag Antibody Sigma F3165; RRID:AB_259529 Anti-Myc Antibody Sigma A5963; RRID:AB_258265 Anti-TMO20 Antibody Proteintech Cat#11802-1-AP; RRID:AB_10859670 Bacterial and virus strains SARS-CoV-2 (HKU-001a, wildtype) Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number MT230904) N/A B.1.617.2/Delta Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number OM212471) N/A Omicron EG.5.1 Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GISAID: EPL_ISL_18461518) N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-Luciferase reporter Dr. Lin Zhu, Hong Kong Baptist University N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-GFP reporter Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. N/A Biological samples Human lung tissue Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human tibial osteochondral explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human articular cartilage explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human plasma samples Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Hamster organs (lung, liver, kidney, spleen) This paper N/A Hamster leg tissue This paper N/A Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Sinobiological Cat#40589-V08B1 (Continued on next page) 20 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Endothelin-1 Sigma-Aldrich Cat#117399-94-7 Macitentan Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd N/A BQ123 MCE Cat#HY-12378 BQ788 MCE Cat#HY-15894A FGF-2, Human MCE CatHY-P7004 FGF-1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7001 TGF-β1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7118 IL-1β, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7028 ITS-Premix Gibco Cat#41400045 L-proline MCE Cat#HY-Y0252 L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate MCE Cat#HY-103701 Dexamethasone MCE Cat#HY-14648 Sodium pyruvate Gibco Cat#11360070 Triiodothyronine (T3) MCE Cat#HY-A0070A Penicillin-Streptomycin (P/S) Gibco Cat#15140122 Amphotericin B Gibco Cat#15290018 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Dieckmann Cat#E112487 DMSO MCE Cat#HY-Y0320 Xylazine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A Ketamine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A SARS-CoV-2 S2 protein containing a C-terminal 8×His tag Sangon Biotech Cat#D625027 ETBR protein containing C-terminal Flag and Myc tags OriGene Technologies Cat#TP304899 CoCl2 MCE Cat#HY-W019980D Critical commercial assays 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) Vector Lab Cat#SK-4100 H&E Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab245880 Prussian Blue Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150674 Masson’s Trichrome Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150686 TRAP Stain Kit Amizona Scientific Cat#AMK1002-010 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit MCE Cat#HY-K1073 Caspase-3/7 Activity Assay Kit Promega Cat#G8091 Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat#E1501 E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit Omega Cat#R1034-00 PrimeScript RT Master Mix (Perfect Real Time) Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR036B One-Step TB Green RT-PCR Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR086A RNeasy Mini Kit Qiagen Cat#74104 E.Z.N.A.® Endo-Free Plasmid DNA Midi Kit Omega Cat#D6915-04 Lenti-X Lentiviral Packaging System TaKaRa Cat#632673 Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#13778075 LipofectamineTM 3000 Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#L3000001 Plasmids amplified kit TaKaRa Cat#9057 Human Endothelin 1 ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK09252 Cell Counting Kit-8 Biosharp Cat#BS350B (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 21 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Deposited data RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE267009 Single-nuclei RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE171524 Endothelin type B receptor Protein Structure Database PDB ID: 6IGL SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 fragment Prof. Xioadi Tang, SiChuan University residues 805–1020 Experimental models: Cell lines ATDC5 cells Prof. Limin Rong, Sun Yat-Sen University N/A C28/I2 cells Prof. Danny Chan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549-hACE2 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A HUVEC cells Prof. Mo Yang, he Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A MG-63 cells Dr. Poon Chui-wa, Christina, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) Oricell N/A Primary human chondrocytes Isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Experimental models: Organisms/strains Golden Syrian hamsters Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Oligonucleotides siRNA targeting EDNRA (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4465 siRNA targeting EDNRB (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4468 siRNA targeting EDN1 (Sense: 5′-CGAGCACGUUGU UCCGUAU(dT)(dT)-3’; Antisense: 5′-AUACGGAACAACGUGCUCG (dT)(dT)-3′ Tsingke N/A siRNA Negative Contral Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Forward (5′-CACCATTGGCAATGAGCGGTTC3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Reverse (5′-AGGTCTTTGCGGATGTCCACGT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Forward (5′-CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Reverse (5′-GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Forward (5′-AGGGCTGCTTTTAACTCTGGTAAA-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Reverse (5′-GAATTTGCCATGGGTGGAAT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Forward (5′-ATCGGTTGGTGCCACTGAATGG-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Reverse (5′-ACAACAGTGGGCTGGCAGAAAC-3′) Tsingke N/A (Continued on next page) 22 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026
Activity Assay:Article Title: Lung epithelial endothelin-1 drives iron dysregulation and skeletal injury after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Anti-DDDDK (Flag) Tag Antibody Abcam Cat#ab1162; RRID:AB_2223202 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-36247; RRID:AB_2890589 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA17404; RRID:AB_1018422 Anti-endothelin-1 (ET-1) Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117757; RRID:AB_10890133 Anti-ETAR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117521; RRID:AB_10890131 Anti-ETBR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117529; RRID:AB_1090207 Anti-vWF Antibody Abcam Cat#ab6994; RRID:AB_305602 Anti-4HNE Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA527570; RRID:AB_2737298 Anti-Caspase 3 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#43-7800; RRID:AB_2533540 Anti-SP7 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab209484; RRID:AB_2894090 Anti-TFR1 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab84036; RRID:AB_1640421 Anti-p16INK4a Antibody Abcam Cat#ab189034; RRID:AB_2713948 Anti-p21 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-42680; RRID:AB_2687564 Anti-Actin Antibody Abcam Cat#ab179467; RRID:AB_2223046 Anti-Spike Protein S1 Neutralizing Antibody Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Anti-His Antibody Sigma SAB2702218; RRID:AB_3717312 Anti-Flag Antibody Sigma F3165; RRID:AB_259529 Anti-Myc Antibody Sigma A5963; RRID:AB_258265 Anti-TMO20 Antibody Proteintech Cat#11802-1-AP; RRID:AB_10859670 Bacterial and virus strains SARS-CoV-2 (HKU-001a, wildtype) Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number MT230904) N/A B.1.617.2/Delta Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number OM212471) N/A Omicron EG.5.1 Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GISAID: EPL_ISL_18461518) N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-Luciferase reporter Dr. Lin Zhu, Hong Kong Baptist University N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-GFP reporter Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. N/A Biological samples Human lung tissue Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human tibial osteochondral explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human articular cartilage explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human plasma samples Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Hamster organs (lung, liver, kidney, spleen) This paper N/A Hamster leg tissue This paper N/A Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Sinobiological Cat#40589-V08B1 (Continued on next page) 20 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Endothelin-1 Sigma-Aldrich Cat#117399-94-7 Macitentan Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd N/A BQ123 MCE Cat#HY-12378 BQ788 MCE Cat#HY-15894A FGF-2, Human MCE CatHY-P7004 FGF-1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7001 TGF-β1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7118 IL-1β, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7028 ITS-Premix Gibco Cat#41400045 L-proline MCE Cat#HY-Y0252 L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate MCE Cat#HY-103701 Dexamethasone MCE Cat#HY-14648 Sodium pyruvate Gibco Cat#11360070 Triiodothyronine (T3) MCE Cat#HY-A0070A Penicillin-Streptomycin (P/S) Gibco Cat#15140122 Amphotericin B Gibco Cat#15290018 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Dieckmann Cat#E112487 DMSO MCE Cat#HY-Y0320 Xylazine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A Ketamine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A SARS-CoV-2 S2 protein containing a C-terminal 8×His tag Sangon Biotech Cat#D625027 ETBR protein containing C-terminal Flag and Myc tags OriGene Technologies Cat#TP304899 CoCl2 MCE Cat#HY-W019980D Critical commercial assays 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) Vector Lab Cat#SK-4100 H&E Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab245880 Prussian Blue Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150674 Masson’s Trichrome Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150686 TRAP Stain Kit Amizona Scientific Cat#AMK1002-010 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit MCE Cat#HY-K1073 Caspase-3/7 Activity Assay Kit Promega Cat#G8091 Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat#E1501 E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit Omega Cat#R1034-00 PrimeScript RT Master Mix (Perfect Real Time) Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR036B One-Step TB Green RT-PCR Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR086A RNeasy Mini Kit Qiagen Cat#74104 E.Z.N.A.® Endo-Free Plasmid DNA Midi Kit Omega Cat#D6915-04 Lenti-X Lentiviral Packaging System TaKaRa Cat#632673 Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#13778075 LipofectamineTM 3000 Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#L3000001 Plasmids amplified kit TaKaRa Cat#9057 Human Endothelin 1 ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK09252 Cell Counting Kit-8 Biosharp Cat#BS350B (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 21 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Deposited data RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE267009 Single-nuclei RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE171524 Endothelin type B receptor Protein Structure Database PDB ID: 6IGL SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 fragment Prof. Xioadi Tang, SiChuan University residues 805–1020 Experimental models: Cell lines ATDC5 cells Prof. Limin Rong, Sun Yat-Sen University N/A C28/I2 cells Prof. Danny Chan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549-hACE2 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A HUVEC cells Prof. Mo Yang, he Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A MG-63 cells Dr. Poon Chui-wa, Christina, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) Oricell N/A Primary human chondrocytes Isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Experimental models: Organisms/strains Golden Syrian hamsters Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Oligonucleotides siRNA targeting EDNRA (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4465 siRNA targeting EDNRB (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4468 siRNA targeting EDN1 (Sense: 5′-CGAGCACGUUGU UCCGUAU(dT)(dT)-3’; Antisense: 5′-AUACGGAACAACGUGCUCG (dT)(dT)-3′ Tsingke N/A siRNA Negative Contral Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Forward (5′-CACCATTGGCAATGAGCGGTTC3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Reverse (5′-AGGTCTTTGCGGATGTCCACGT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Forward (5′-CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Reverse (5′-GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Forward (5′-AGGGCTGCTTTTAACTCTGGTAAA-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Reverse (5′-GAATTTGCCATGGGTGGAAT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Forward (5′-ATCGGTTGGTGCCACTGAATGG-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Reverse (5′-ACAACAGTGGGCTGGCAGAAAC-3′) Tsingke N/A (Continued on next page) 22 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026
Luciferase:Article Title: Lung epithelial endothelin-1 drives iron dysregulation and skeletal injury after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Anti-DDDDK (Flag) Tag Antibody Abcam Cat#ab1162; RRID:AB_2223202 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-36247; RRID:AB_2890589 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA17404; RRID:AB_1018422 Anti-endothelin-1 (ET-1) Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117757; RRID:AB_10890133 Anti-ETAR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117521; RRID:AB_10890131 Anti-ETBR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117529; RRID:AB_1090207 Anti-vWF Antibody Abcam Cat#ab6994; RRID:AB_305602 Anti-4HNE Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA527570; RRID:AB_2737298 Anti-Caspase 3 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#43-7800; RRID:AB_2533540 Anti-SP7 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab209484; RRID:AB_2894090 Anti-TFR1 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab84036; RRID:AB_1640421 Anti-p16INK4a Antibody Abcam Cat#ab189034; RRID:AB_2713948 Anti-p21 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-42680; RRID:AB_2687564 Anti-Actin Antibody Abcam Cat#ab179467; RRID:AB_2223046 Anti-Spike Protein S1 Neutralizing Antibody Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Anti-His Antibody Sigma SAB2702218; RRID:AB_3717312 Anti-Flag Antibody Sigma F3165; RRID:AB_259529 Anti-Myc Antibody Sigma A5963; RRID:AB_258265 Anti-TMO20 Antibody Proteintech Cat#11802-1-AP; RRID:AB_10859670 Bacterial and virus strains SARS-CoV-2 (HKU-001a, wildtype) Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number MT230904) N/A B.1.617.2/Delta Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number OM212471) N/A Omicron EG.5.1 Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GISAID: EPL_ISL_18461518) N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-Luciferase reporter Dr. Lin Zhu, Hong Kong Baptist University N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-GFP reporter Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. N/A Biological samples Human lung tissue Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human tibial osteochondral explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human articular cartilage explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human plasma samples Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Hamster organs (lung, liver, kidney, spleen) This paper N/A Hamster leg tissue This paper N/A Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Sinobiological Cat#40589-V08B1 (Continued on next page) 20 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Endothelin-1 Sigma-Aldrich Cat#117399-94-7 Macitentan Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd N/A BQ123 MCE Cat#HY-12378 BQ788 MCE Cat#HY-15894A FGF-2, Human MCE CatHY-P7004 FGF-1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7001 TGF-β1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7118 IL-1β, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7028 ITS-Premix Gibco Cat#41400045 L-proline MCE Cat#HY-Y0252 L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate MCE Cat#HY-103701 Dexamethasone MCE Cat#HY-14648 Sodium pyruvate Gibco Cat#11360070 Triiodothyronine (T3) MCE Cat#HY-A0070A Penicillin-Streptomycin (P/S) Gibco Cat#15140122 Amphotericin B Gibco Cat#15290018 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Dieckmann Cat#E112487 DMSO MCE Cat#HY-Y0320 Xylazine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A Ketamine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A SARS-CoV-2 S2 protein containing a C-terminal 8×His tag Sangon Biotech Cat#D625027 ETBR protein containing C-terminal Flag and Myc tags OriGene Technologies Cat#TP304899 CoCl2 MCE Cat#HY-W019980D Critical commercial assays 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) Vector Lab Cat#SK-4100 H&E Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab245880 Prussian Blue Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150674 Masson’s Trichrome Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150686 TRAP Stain Kit Amizona Scientific Cat#AMK1002-010 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit MCE Cat#HY-K1073 Caspase-3/7 Activity Assay Kit Promega Cat#G8091 Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat#E1501 E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit Omega Cat#R1034-00 PrimeScript RT Master Mix (Perfect Real Time) Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR036B One-Step TB Green RT-PCR Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR086A RNeasy Mini Kit Qiagen Cat#74104 E.Z.N.A.® Endo-Free Plasmid DNA Midi Kit Omega Cat#D6915-04 Lenti-X Lentiviral Packaging System TaKaRa Cat#632673 Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#13778075 LipofectamineTM 3000 Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#L3000001 Plasmids amplified kit TaKaRa Cat#9057 Human Endothelin 1 ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK09252 Cell Counting Kit-8 Biosharp Cat#BS350B (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 21 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Deposited data RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE267009 Single-nuclei RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE171524 Endothelin type B receptor Protein Structure Database PDB ID: 6IGL SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 fragment Prof. Xioadi Tang, SiChuan University residues 805–1020 Experimental models: Cell lines ATDC5 cells Prof. Limin Rong, Sun Yat-Sen University N/A C28/I2 cells Prof. Danny Chan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549-hACE2 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A HUVEC cells Prof. Mo Yang, he Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A MG-63 cells Dr. Poon Chui-wa, Christina, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) Oricell N/A Primary human chondrocytes Isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Experimental models: Organisms/strains Golden Syrian hamsters Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Oligonucleotides siRNA targeting EDNRA (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4465 siRNA targeting EDNRB (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4468 siRNA targeting EDN1 (Sense: 5′-CGAGCACGUUGU UCCGUAU(dT)(dT)-3’; Antisense: 5′-AUACGGAACAACGUGCUCG (dT)(dT)-3′ Tsingke N/A siRNA Negative Contral Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Forward (5′-CACCATTGGCAATGAGCGGTTC3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Reverse (5′-AGGTCTTTGCGGATGTCCACGT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Forward (5′-CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Reverse (5′-GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Forward (5′-AGGGCTGCTTTTAACTCTGGTAAA-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Reverse (5′-GAATTTGCCATGGGTGGAAT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Forward (5′-ATCGGTTGGTGCCACTGAATGG-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Reverse (5′-ACAACAGTGGGCTGGCAGAAAC-3′) Tsingke N/A (Continued on next page) 22 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026
Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction:Article Title: Lung epithelial endothelin-1 drives iron dysregulation and skeletal injury after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Anti-DDDDK (Flag) Tag Antibody Abcam Cat#ab1162; RRID:AB_2223202 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-36247; RRID:AB_2890589 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA17404; RRID:AB_1018422 Anti-endothelin-1 (ET-1) Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117757; RRID:AB_10890133 Anti-ETAR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117521; RRID:AB_10890131 Anti-ETBR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117529; RRID:AB_1090207 Anti-vWF Antibody Abcam Cat#ab6994; RRID:AB_305602 Anti-4HNE Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA527570; RRID:AB_2737298 Anti-Caspase 3 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#43-7800; RRID:AB_2533540 Anti-SP7 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab209484; RRID:AB_2894090 Anti-TFR1 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab84036; RRID:AB_1640421 Anti-p16INK4a Antibody Abcam Cat#ab189034; RRID:AB_2713948 Anti-p21 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-42680; RRID:AB_2687564 Anti-Actin Antibody Abcam Cat#ab179467; RRID:AB_2223046 Anti-Spike Protein S1 Neutralizing Antibody Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Anti-His Antibody Sigma SAB2702218; RRID:AB_3717312 Anti-Flag Antibody Sigma F3165; RRID:AB_259529 Anti-Myc Antibody Sigma A5963; RRID:AB_258265 Anti-TMO20 Antibody Proteintech Cat#11802-1-AP; RRID:AB_10859670 Bacterial and virus strains SARS-CoV-2 (HKU-001a, wildtype) Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number MT230904) N/A B.1.617.2/Delta Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number OM212471) N/A Omicron EG.5.1 Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GISAID: EPL_ISL_18461518) N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-Luciferase reporter Dr. Lin Zhu, Hong Kong Baptist University N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-GFP reporter Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. N/A Biological samples Human lung tissue Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human tibial osteochondral explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human articular cartilage explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human plasma samples Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Hamster organs (lung, liver, kidney, spleen) This paper N/A Hamster leg tissue This paper N/A Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Sinobiological Cat#40589-V08B1 (Continued on next page) 20 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Endothelin-1 Sigma-Aldrich Cat#117399-94-7 Macitentan Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd N/A BQ123 MCE Cat#HY-12378 BQ788 MCE Cat#HY-15894A FGF-2, Human MCE CatHY-P7004 FGF-1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7001 TGF-β1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7118 IL-1β, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7028 ITS-Premix Gibco Cat#41400045 L-proline MCE Cat#HY-Y0252 L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate MCE Cat#HY-103701 Dexamethasone MCE Cat#HY-14648 Sodium pyruvate Gibco Cat#11360070 Triiodothyronine (T3) MCE Cat#HY-A0070A Penicillin-Streptomycin (P/S) Gibco Cat#15140122 Amphotericin B Gibco Cat#15290018 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Dieckmann Cat#E112487 DMSO MCE Cat#HY-Y0320 Xylazine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A Ketamine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A SARS-CoV-2 S2 protein containing a C-terminal 8×His tag Sangon Biotech Cat#D625027 ETBR protein containing C-terminal Flag and Myc tags OriGene Technologies Cat#TP304899 CoCl2 MCE Cat#HY-W019980D Critical commercial assays 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) Vector Lab Cat#SK-4100 H&E Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab245880 Prussian Blue Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150674 Masson’s Trichrome Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150686 TRAP Stain Kit Amizona Scientific Cat#AMK1002-010 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit MCE Cat#HY-K1073 Caspase-3/7 Activity Assay Kit Promega Cat#G8091 Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat#E1501 E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit Omega Cat#R1034-00 PrimeScript RT Master Mix (Perfect Real Time) Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR036B One-Step TB Green RT-PCR Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR086A RNeasy Mini Kit Qiagen Cat#74104 E.Z.N.A.® Endo-Free Plasmid DNA Midi Kit Omega Cat#D6915-04 Lenti-X Lentiviral Packaging System TaKaRa Cat#632673 Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#13778075 LipofectamineTM 3000 Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#L3000001 Plasmids amplified kit TaKaRa Cat#9057 Human Endothelin 1 ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK09252 Cell Counting Kit-8 Biosharp Cat#BS350B (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 21 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Deposited data RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE267009 Single-nuclei RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE171524 Endothelin type B receptor Protein Structure Database PDB ID: 6IGL SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 fragment Prof. Xioadi Tang, SiChuan University residues 805–1020 Experimental models: Cell lines ATDC5 cells Prof. Limin Rong, Sun Yat-Sen University N/A C28/I2 cells Prof. Danny Chan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549-hACE2 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A HUVEC cells Prof. Mo Yang, he Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A MG-63 cells Dr. Poon Chui-wa, Christina, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) Oricell N/A Primary human chondrocytes Isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Experimental models: Organisms/strains Golden Syrian hamsters Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Oligonucleotides siRNA targeting EDNRA (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4465 siRNA targeting EDNRB (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4468 siRNA targeting EDN1 (Sense: 5′-CGAGCACGUUGU UCCGUAU(dT)(dT)-3’; Antisense: 5′-AUACGGAACAACGUGCUCG (dT)(dT)-3′ Tsingke N/A siRNA Negative Contral Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Forward (5′-CACCATTGGCAATGAGCGGTTC3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Reverse (5′-AGGTCTTTGCGGATGTCCACGT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Forward (5′-CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Reverse (5′-GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Forward (5′-AGGGCTGCTTTTAACTCTGGTAAA-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Reverse (5′-GAATTTGCCATGGGTGGAAT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Forward (5′-ATCGGTTGGTGCCACTGAATGG-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Reverse (5′-ACAACAGTGGGCTGGCAGAAAC-3′) Tsingke N/A (Continued on next page) 22 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026
Plasmid Preparation:Article Title: Lung epithelial endothelin-1 drives iron dysregulation and skeletal injury after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Anti-DDDDK (Flag) Tag Antibody Abcam Cat#ab1162; RRID:AB_2223202 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-36247; RRID:AB_2890589 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA17404; RRID:AB_1018422 Anti-endothelin-1 (ET-1) Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117757; RRID:AB_10890133 Anti-ETAR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117521; RRID:AB_10890131 Anti-ETBR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117529; RRID:AB_1090207 Anti-vWF Antibody Abcam Cat#ab6994; RRID:AB_305602 Anti-4HNE Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA527570; RRID:AB_2737298 Anti-Caspase 3 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#43-7800; RRID:AB_2533540 Anti-SP7 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab209484; RRID:AB_2894090 Anti-TFR1 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab84036; RRID:AB_1640421 Anti-p16INK4a Antibody Abcam Cat#ab189034; RRID:AB_2713948 Anti-p21 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-42680; RRID:AB_2687564 Anti-Actin Antibody Abcam Cat#ab179467; RRID:AB_2223046 Anti-Spike Protein S1 Neutralizing Antibody Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Anti-His Antibody Sigma SAB2702218; RRID:AB_3717312 Anti-Flag Antibody Sigma F3165; RRID:AB_259529 Anti-Myc Antibody Sigma A5963; RRID:AB_258265 Anti-TMO20 Antibody Proteintech Cat#11802-1-AP; RRID:AB_10859670 Bacterial and virus strains SARS-CoV-2 (HKU-001a, wildtype) Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number MT230904) N/A B.1.617.2/Delta Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number OM212471) N/A Omicron EG.5.1 Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GISAID: EPL_ISL_18461518) N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-Luciferase reporter Dr. Lin Zhu, Hong Kong Baptist University N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-GFP reporter Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. N/A Biological samples Human lung tissue Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human tibial osteochondral explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human articular cartilage explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human plasma samples Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Hamster organs (lung, liver, kidney, spleen) This paper N/A Hamster leg tissue This paper N/A Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Sinobiological Cat#40589-V08B1 (Continued on next page) 20 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Endothelin-1 Sigma-Aldrich Cat#117399-94-7 Macitentan Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd N/A BQ123 MCE Cat#HY-12378 BQ788 MCE Cat#HY-15894A FGF-2, Human MCE CatHY-P7004 FGF-1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7001 TGF-β1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7118 IL-1β, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7028 ITS-Premix Gibco Cat#41400045 L-proline MCE Cat#HY-Y0252 L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate MCE Cat#HY-103701 Dexamethasone MCE Cat#HY-14648 Sodium pyruvate Gibco Cat#11360070 Triiodothyronine (T3) MCE Cat#HY-A0070A Penicillin-Streptomycin (P/S) Gibco Cat#15140122 Amphotericin B Gibco Cat#15290018 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Dieckmann Cat#E112487 DMSO MCE Cat#HY-Y0320 Xylazine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A Ketamine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A SARS-CoV-2 S2 protein containing a C-terminal 8×His tag Sangon Biotech Cat#D625027 ETBR protein containing C-terminal Flag and Myc tags OriGene Technologies Cat#TP304899 CoCl2 MCE Cat#HY-W019980D Critical commercial assays 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) Vector Lab Cat#SK-4100 H&E Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab245880 Prussian Blue Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150674 Masson’s Trichrome Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150686 TRAP Stain Kit Amizona Scientific Cat#AMK1002-010 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit MCE Cat#HY-K1073 Caspase-3/7 Activity Assay Kit Promega Cat#G8091 Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat#E1501 E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit Omega Cat#R1034-00 PrimeScript RT Master Mix (Perfect Real Time) Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR036B One-Step TB Green RT-PCR Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR086A RNeasy Mini Kit Qiagen Cat#74104 E.Z.N.A.® Endo-Free Plasmid DNA Midi Kit Omega Cat#D6915-04 Lenti-X Lentiviral Packaging System TaKaRa Cat#632673 Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#13778075 LipofectamineTM 3000 Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#L3000001 Plasmids amplified kit TaKaRa Cat#9057 Human Endothelin 1 ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK09252 Cell Counting Kit-8 Biosharp Cat#BS350B (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 21 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Deposited data RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE267009 Single-nuclei RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE171524 Endothelin type B receptor Protein Structure Database PDB ID: 6IGL SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 fragment Prof. Xioadi Tang, SiChuan University residues 805–1020 Experimental models: Cell lines ATDC5 cells Prof. Limin Rong, Sun Yat-Sen University N/A C28/I2 cells Prof. Danny Chan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549-hACE2 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A HUVEC cells Prof. Mo Yang, he Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A MG-63 cells Dr. Poon Chui-wa, Christina, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) Oricell N/A Primary human chondrocytes Isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Experimental models: Organisms/strains Golden Syrian hamsters Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Oligonucleotides siRNA targeting EDNRA (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4465 siRNA targeting EDNRB (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4468 siRNA targeting EDN1 (Sense: 5′-CGAGCACGUUGU UCCGUAU(dT)(dT)-3’; Antisense: 5′-AUACGGAACAACGUGCUCG (dT)(dT)-3′ Tsingke N/A siRNA Negative Contral Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Forward (5′-CACCATTGGCAATGAGCGGTTC3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Reverse (5′-AGGTCTTTGCGGATGTCCACGT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Forward (5′-CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Reverse (5′-GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Forward (5′-AGGGCTGCTTTTAACTCTGGTAAA-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Reverse (5′-GAATTTGCCATGGGTGGAAT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Forward (5′-ATCGGTTGGTGCCACTGAATGG-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Reverse (5′-ACAACAGTGGGCTGGCAGAAAC-3′) Tsingke N/A (Continued on next page) 22 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026
Transfection:Article Title: Lung epithelial endothelin-1 drives iron dysregulation and skeletal injury after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Anti-DDDDK (Flag) Tag Antibody Abcam Cat#ab1162; RRID:AB_2223202 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-36247; RRID:AB_2890589 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA17404; RRID:AB_1018422 Anti-endothelin-1 (ET-1) Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117757; RRID:AB_10890133 Anti-ETAR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117521; RRID:AB_10890131 Anti-ETBR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117529; RRID:AB_1090207 Anti-vWF Antibody Abcam Cat#ab6994; RRID:AB_305602 Anti-4HNE Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA527570; RRID:AB_2737298 Anti-Caspase 3 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#43-7800; RRID:AB_2533540 Anti-SP7 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab209484; RRID:AB_2894090 Anti-TFR1 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab84036; RRID:AB_1640421 Anti-p16INK4a Antibody Abcam Cat#ab189034; RRID:AB_2713948 Anti-p21 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-42680; RRID:AB_2687564 Anti-Actin Antibody Abcam Cat#ab179467; RRID:AB_2223046 Anti-Spike Protein S1 Neutralizing Antibody Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Anti-His Antibody Sigma SAB2702218; RRID:AB_3717312 Anti-Flag Antibody Sigma F3165; RRID:AB_259529 Anti-Myc Antibody Sigma A5963; RRID:AB_258265 Anti-TMO20 Antibody Proteintech Cat#11802-1-AP; RRID:AB_10859670 Bacterial and virus strains SARS-CoV-2 (HKU-001a, wildtype) Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number MT230904) N/A B.1.617.2/Delta Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number OM212471) N/A Omicron EG.5.1 Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GISAID: EPL_ISL_18461518) N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-Luciferase reporter Dr. Lin Zhu, Hong Kong Baptist University N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-GFP reporter Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. N/A Biological samples Human lung tissue Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human tibial osteochondral explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human articular cartilage explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human plasma samples Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Hamster organs (lung, liver, kidney, spleen) This paper N/A Hamster leg tissue This paper N/A Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Sinobiological Cat#40589-V08B1 (Continued on next page) 20 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Endothelin-1 Sigma-Aldrich Cat#117399-94-7 Macitentan Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd N/A BQ123 MCE Cat#HY-12378 BQ788 MCE Cat#HY-15894A FGF-2, Human MCE CatHY-P7004 FGF-1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7001 TGF-β1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7118 IL-1β, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7028 ITS-Premix Gibco Cat#41400045 L-proline MCE Cat#HY-Y0252 L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate MCE Cat#HY-103701 Dexamethasone MCE Cat#HY-14648 Sodium pyruvate Gibco Cat#11360070 Triiodothyronine (T3) MCE Cat#HY-A0070A Penicillin-Streptomycin (P/S) Gibco Cat#15140122 Amphotericin B Gibco Cat#15290018 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Dieckmann Cat#E112487 DMSO MCE Cat#HY-Y0320 Xylazine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A Ketamine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A SARS-CoV-2 S2 protein containing a C-terminal 8×His tag Sangon Biotech Cat#D625027 ETBR protein containing C-terminal Flag and Myc tags OriGene Technologies Cat#TP304899 CoCl2 MCE Cat#HY-W019980D Critical commercial assays 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) Vector Lab Cat#SK-4100 H&E Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab245880 Prussian Blue Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150674 Masson’s Trichrome Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150686 TRAP Stain Kit Amizona Scientific Cat#AMK1002-010 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit MCE Cat#HY-K1073 Caspase-3/7 Activity Assay Kit Promega Cat#G8091 Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat#E1501 E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit Omega Cat#R1034-00 PrimeScript RT Master Mix (Perfect Real Time) Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR036B One-Step TB Green RT-PCR Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR086A RNeasy Mini Kit Qiagen Cat#74104 E.Z.N.A.® Endo-Free Plasmid DNA Midi Kit Omega Cat#D6915-04 Lenti-X Lentiviral Packaging System TaKaRa Cat#632673 Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#13778075 LipofectamineTM 3000 Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#L3000001 Plasmids amplified kit TaKaRa Cat#9057 Human Endothelin 1 ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK09252 Cell Counting Kit-8 Biosharp Cat#BS350B (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 21 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Deposited data RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE267009 Single-nuclei RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE171524 Endothelin type B receptor Protein Structure Database PDB ID: 6IGL SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 fragment Prof. Xioadi Tang, SiChuan University residues 805–1020 Experimental models: Cell lines ATDC5 cells Prof. Limin Rong, Sun Yat-Sen University N/A C28/I2 cells Prof. Danny Chan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549-hACE2 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A HUVEC cells Prof. Mo Yang, he Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A MG-63 cells Dr. Poon Chui-wa, Christina, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) Oricell N/A Primary human chondrocytes Isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Experimental models: Organisms/strains Golden Syrian hamsters Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Oligonucleotides siRNA targeting EDNRA (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4465 siRNA targeting EDNRB (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4468 siRNA targeting EDN1 (Sense: 5′-CGAGCACGUUGU UCCGUAU(dT)(dT)-3’; Antisense: 5′-AUACGGAACAACGUGCUCG (dT)(dT)-3′ Tsingke N/A siRNA Negative Contral Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Forward (5′-CACCATTGGCAATGAGCGGTTC3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Reverse (5′-AGGTCTTTGCGGATGTCCACGT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Forward (5′-CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Reverse (5′-GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Forward (5′-AGGGCTGCTTTTAACTCTGGTAAA-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Reverse (5′-GAATTTGCCATGGGTGGAAT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Forward (5′-ATCGGTTGGTGCCACTGAATGG-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Reverse (5′-ACAACAGTGGGCTGGCAGAAAC-3′) Tsingke N/A (Continued on next page) 22 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026
Amplification:Article Title: Lung epithelial endothelin-1 drives iron dysregulation and skeletal injury after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Anti-DDDDK (Flag) Tag Antibody Abcam Cat#ab1162; RRID:AB_2223202 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-36247; RRID:AB_2890589 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA17404; RRID:AB_1018422 Anti-endothelin-1 (ET-1) Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117757; RRID:AB_10890133 Anti-ETAR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117521; RRID:AB_10890131 Anti-ETBR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117529; RRID:AB_1090207 Anti-vWF Antibody Abcam Cat#ab6994; RRID:AB_305602 Anti-4HNE Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA527570; RRID:AB_2737298 Anti-Caspase 3 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#43-7800; RRID:AB_2533540 Anti-SP7 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab209484; RRID:AB_2894090 Anti-TFR1 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab84036; RRID:AB_1640421 Anti-p16INK4a Antibody Abcam Cat#ab189034; RRID:AB_2713948 Anti-p21 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-42680; RRID:AB_2687564 Anti-Actin Antibody Abcam Cat#ab179467; RRID:AB_2223046 Anti-Spike Protein S1 Neutralizing Antibody Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Anti-His Antibody Sigma SAB2702218; RRID:AB_3717312 Anti-Flag Antibody Sigma F3165; RRID:AB_259529 Anti-Myc Antibody Sigma A5963; RRID:AB_258265 Anti-TMO20 Antibody Proteintech Cat#11802-1-AP; RRID:AB_10859670 Bacterial and virus strains SARS-CoV-2 (HKU-001a, wildtype) Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number MT230904) N/A B.1.617.2/Delta Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number OM212471) N/A Omicron EG.5.1 Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GISAID: EPL_ISL_18461518) N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-Luciferase reporter Dr. Lin Zhu, Hong Kong Baptist University N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-GFP reporter Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. N/A Biological samples Human lung tissue Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human tibial osteochondral explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human articular cartilage explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human plasma samples Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Hamster organs (lung, liver, kidney, spleen) This paper N/A Hamster leg tissue This paper N/A Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Sinobiological Cat#40589-V08B1 (Continued on next page) 20 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Endothelin-1 Sigma-Aldrich Cat#117399-94-7 Macitentan Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd N/A BQ123 MCE Cat#HY-12378 BQ788 MCE Cat#HY-15894A FGF-2, Human MCE CatHY-P7004 FGF-1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7001 TGF-β1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7118 IL-1β, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7028 ITS-Premix Gibco Cat#41400045 L-proline MCE Cat#HY-Y0252 L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate MCE Cat#HY-103701 Dexamethasone MCE Cat#HY-14648 Sodium pyruvate Gibco Cat#11360070 Triiodothyronine (T3) MCE Cat#HY-A0070A Penicillin-Streptomycin (P/S) Gibco Cat#15140122 Amphotericin B Gibco Cat#15290018 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Dieckmann Cat#E112487 DMSO MCE Cat#HY-Y0320 Xylazine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A Ketamine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A SARS-CoV-2 S2 protein containing a C-terminal 8×His tag Sangon Biotech Cat#D625027 ETBR protein containing C-terminal Flag and Myc tags OriGene Technologies Cat#TP304899 CoCl2 MCE Cat#HY-W019980D Critical commercial assays 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) Vector Lab Cat#SK-4100 H&E Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab245880 Prussian Blue Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150674 Masson’s Trichrome Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150686 TRAP Stain Kit Amizona Scientific Cat#AMK1002-010 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit MCE Cat#HY-K1073 Caspase-3/7 Activity Assay Kit Promega Cat#G8091 Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat#E1501 E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit Omega Cat#R1034-00 PrimeScript RT Master Mix (Perfect Real Time) Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR036B One-Step TB Green RT-PCR Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR086A RNeasy Mini Kit Qiagen Cat#74104 E.Z.N.A.® Endo-Free Plasmid DNA Midi Kit Omega Cat#D6915-04 Lenti-X Lentiviral Packaging System TaKaRa Cat#632673 Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#13778075 LipofectamineTM 3000 Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#L3000001 Plasmids amplified kit TaKaRa Cat#9057 Human Endothelin 1 ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK09252 Cell Counting Kit-8 Biosharp Cat#BS350B (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 21 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Deposited data RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE267009 Single-nuclei RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE171524 Endothelin type B receptor Protein Structure Database PDB ID: 6IGL SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 fragment Prof. Xioadi Tang, SiChuan University residues 805–1020 Experimental models: Cell lines ATDC5 cells Prof. Limin Rong, Sun Yat-Sen University N/A C28/I2 cells Prof. Danny Chan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549-hACE2 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A HUVEC cells Prof. Mo Yang, he Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A MG-63 cells Dr. Poon Chui-wa, Christina, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) Oricell N/A Primary human chondrocytes Isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Experimental models: Organisms/strains Golden Syrian hamsters Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Oligonucleotides siRNA targeting EDNRA (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4465 siRNA targeting EDNRB (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4468 siRNA targeting EDN1 (Sense: 5′-CGAGCACGUUGU UCCGUAU(dT)(dT)-3’; Antisense: 5′-AUACGGAACAACGUGCUCG (dT)(dT)-3′ Tsingke N/A siRNA Negative Contral Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Forward (5′-CACCATTGGCAATGAGCGGTTC3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Reverse (5′-AGGTCTTTGCGGATGTCCACGT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Forward (5′-CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Reverse (5′-GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Forward (5′-AGGGCTGCTTTTAACTCTGGTAAA-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Reverse (5′-GAATTTGCCATGGGTGGAAT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Forward (5′-ATCGGTTGGTGCCACTGAATGG-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Reverse (5′-ACAACAGTGGGCTGGCAGAAAC-3′) Tsingke N/A (Continued on next page) 22 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026
Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay:Article Title: Lung epithelial endothelin-1 drives iron dysregulation and skeletal injury after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Anti-DDDDK (Flag) Tag Antibody Abcam Cat#ab1162; RRID:AB_2223202 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-36247; RRID:AB_2890589 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA17404; RRID:AB_1018422 Anti-endothelin-1 (ET-1) Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117757; RRID:AB_10890133 Anti-ETAR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117521; RRID:AB_10890131 Anti-ETBR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117529; RRID:AB_1090207 Anti-vWF Antibody Abcam Cat#ab6994; RRID:AB_305602 Anti-4HNE Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA527570; RRID:AB_2737298 Anti-Caspase 3 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#43-7800; RRID:AB_2533540 Anti-SP7 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab209484; RRID:AB_2894090 Anti-TFR1 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab84036; RRID:AB_1640421 Anti-p16INK4a Antibody Abcam Cat#ab189034; RRID:AB_2713948 Anti-p21 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-42680; RRID:AB_2687564 Anti-Actin Antibody Abcam Cat#ab179467; RRID:AB_2223046 Anti-Spike Protein S1 Neutralizing Antibody Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Anti-His Antibody Sigma SAB2702218; RRID:AB_3717312 Anti-Flag Antibody Sigma F3165; RRID:AB_259529 Anti-Myc Antibody Sigma A5963; RRID:AB_258265 Anti-TMO20 Antibody Proteintech Cat#11802-1-AP; RRID:AB_10859670 Bacterial and virus strains SARS-CoV-2 (HKU-001a, wildtype) Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number MT230904) N/A B.1.617.2/Delta Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number OM212471) N/A Omicron EG.5.1 Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GISAID: EPL_ISL_18461518) N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-Luciferase reporter Dr. Lin Zhu, Hong Kong Baptist University N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-GFP reporter Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. N/A Biological samples Human lung tissue Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human tibial osteochondral explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human articular cartilage explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human plasma samples Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Hamster organs (lung, liver, kidney, spleen) This paper N/A Hamster leg tissue This paper N/A Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Sinobiological Cat#40589-V08B1 (Continued on next page) 20 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Endothelin-1 Sigma-Aldrich Cat#117399-94-7 Macitentan Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd N/A BQ123 MCE Cat#HY-12378 BQ788 MCE Cat#HY-15894A FGF-2, Human MCE CatHY-P7004 FGF-1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7001 TGF-β1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7118 IL-1β, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7028 ITS-Premix Gibco Cat#41400045 L-proline MCE Cat#HY-Y0252 L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate MCE Cat#HY-103701 Dexamethasone MCE Cat#HY-14648 Sodium pyruvate Gibco Cat#11360070 Triiodothyronine (T3) MCE Cat#HY-A0070A Penicillin-Streptomycin (P/S) Gibco Cat#15140122 Amphotericin B Gibco Cat#15290018 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Dieckmann Cat#E112487 DMSO MCE Cat#HY-Y0320 Xylazine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A Ketamine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A SARS-CoV-2 S2 protein containing a C-terminal 8×His tag Sangon Biotech Cat#D625027 ETBR protein containing C-terminal Flag and Myc tags OriGene Technologies Cat#TP304899 CoCl2 MCE Cat#HY-W019980D Critical commercial assays 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) Vector Lab Cat#SK-4100 H&E Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab245880 Prussian Blue Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150674 Masson’s Trichrome Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150686 TRAP Stain Kit Amizona Scientific Cat#AMK1002-010 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit MCE Cat#HY-K1073 Caspase-3/7 Activity Assay Kit Promega Cat#G8091 Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat#E1501 E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit Omega Cat#R1034-00 PrimeScript RT Master Mix (Perfect Real Time) Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR036B One-Step TB Green RT-PCR Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR086A RNeasy Mini Kit Qiagen Cat#74104 E.Z.N.A.® Endo-Free Plasmid DNA Midi Kit Omega Cat#D6915-04 Lenti-X Lentiviral Packaging System TaKaRa Cat#632673 Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#13778075 LipofectamineTM 3000 Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#L3000001 Plasmids amplified kit TaKaRa Cat#9057 Human Endothelin 1 ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK09252 Cell Counting Kit-8 Biosharp Cat#BS350B (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 21 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Deposited data RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE267009 Single-nuclei RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE171524 Endothelin type B receptor Protein Structure Database PDB ID: 6IGL SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 fragment Prof. Xioadi Tang, SiChuan University residues 805–1020 Experimental models: Cell lines ATDC5 cells Prof. Limin Rong, Sun Yat-Sen University N/A C28/I2 cells Prof. Danny Chan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549-hACE2 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A HUVEC cells Prof. Mo Yang, he Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A MG-63 cells Dr. Poon Chui-wa, Christina, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) Oricell N/A Primary human chondrocytes Isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Experimental models: Organisms/strains Golden Syrian hamsters Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Oligonucleotides siRNA targeting EDNRA (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4465 siRNA targeting EDNRB (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4468 siRNA targeting EDN1 (Sense: 5′-CGAGCACGUUGU UCCGUAU(dT)(dT)-3’; Antisense: 5′-AUACGGAACAACGUGCUCG (dT)(dT)-3′ Tsingke N/A siRNA Negative Contral Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Forward (5′-CACCATTGGCAATGAGCGGTTC3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Reverse (5′-AGGTCTTTGCGGATGTCCACGT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Forward (5′-CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Reverse (5′-GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Forward (5′-AGGGCTGCTTTTAACTCTGGTAAA-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Reverse (5′-GAATTTGCCATGGGTGGAAT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Forward (5′-ATCGGTTGGTGCCACTGAATGG-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Reverse (5′-ACAACAGTGGGCTGGCAGAAAC-3′) Tsingke N/A (Continued on next page) 22 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026
CCK-8 Assay:Article Title: Lung epithelial endothelin-1 drives iron dysregulation and skeletal injury after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Anti-DDDDK (Flag) Tag Antibody Abcam Cat#ab1162; RRID:AB_2223202 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-36247; RRID:AB_2890589 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA17404; RRID:AB_1018422 Anti-endothelin-1 (ET-1) Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117757; RRID:AB_10890133 Anti-ETAR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117521; RRID:AB_10890131 Anti-ETBR Antibody Abcam Cat#ab117529; RRID:AB_1090207 Anti-vWF Antibody Abcam Cat#ab6994; RRID:AB_305602 Anti-4HNE Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA527570; RRID:AB_2737298 Anti-Caspase 3 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#43-7800; RRID:AB_2533540 Anti-SP7 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab209484; RRID:AB_2894090 Anti-TFR1 Antibody Abcam Cat#ab84036; RRID:AB_1640421 Anti-p16INK4a Antibody Abcam Cat#ab189034; RRID:AB_2713948 Anti-p21 Antibody Invitrogen Cat#MA5-42680; RRID:AB_2687564 Anti-Actin Antibody Abcam Cat#ab179467; RRID:AB_2223046 Anti-Spike Protein S1 Neutralizing Antibody Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Anti-His Antibody Sigma SAB2702218; RRID:AB_3717312 Anti-Flag Antibody Sigma F3165; RRID:AB_259529 Anti-Myc Antibody Sigma A5963; RRID:AB_258265 Anti-TMO20 Antibody Proteintech Cat#11802-1-AP; RRID:AB_10859670 Bacterial and virus strains SARS-CoV-2 (HKU-001a, wildtype) Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number MT230904) N/A B.1.617.2/Delta Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GenBank accession number OM212471) N/A Omicron EG.5.1 Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong (GISAID: EPL_ISL_18461518) N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-Luciferase reporter Dr. Lin Zhu, Hong Kong Baptist University N/A SARS-CoV-2 D614G Spike Pseudovirus-GFP reporter Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. N/A Biological samples Human lung tissue Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human tibial osteochondral explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human articular cartilage explants Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Human plasma samples Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Hamster organs (lung, liver, kidney, spleen) This paper N/A Hamster leg tissue This paper N/A Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Sinobiological Cat#40589-V08B1 (Continued on next page) 20 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Endothelin-1 Sigma-Aldrich Cat#117399-94-7 Macitentan Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd N/A BQ123 MCE Cat#HY-12378 BQ788 MCE Cat#HY-15894A FGF-2, Human MCE CatHY-P7004 FGF-1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7001 TGF-β1, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7118 IL-1β, Human MCE Cat#HY-P7028 ITS-Premix Gibco Cat#41400045 L-proline MCE Cat#HY-Y0252 L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate MCE Cat#HY-103701 Dexamethasone MCE Cat#HY-14648 Sodium pyruvate Gibco Cat#11360070 Triiodothyronine (T3) MCE Cat#HY-A0070A Penicillin-Streptomycin (P/S) Gibco Cat#15140122 Amphotericin B Gibco Cat#15290018 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Dieckmann Cat#E112487 DMSO MCE Cat#HY-Y0320 Xylazine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A Ketamine AlfaMeedic Ltd. N/A SARS-CoV-2 S2 protein containing a C-terminal 8×His tag Sangon Biotech Cat#D625027 ETBR protein containing C-terminal Flag and Myc tags OriGene Technologies Cat#TP304899 CoCl2 MCE Cat#HY-W019980D Critical commercial assays 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) Vector Lab Cat#SK-4100 H&E Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab245880 Prussian Blue Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150674 Masson’s Trichrome Stain Kit Abcam Cat#ab150686 TRAP Stain Kit Amizona Scientific Cat#AMK1002-010 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit MCE Cat#HY-K1073 Caspase-3/7 Activity Assay Kit Promega Cat#G8091 Luciferase Assay System Promega Cat#E1501 E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit Omega Cat#R1034-00 PrimeScript RT Master Mix (Perfect Real Time) Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR036B One-Step TB Green RT-PCR Kit TaKaRa Cat#RR086A RNeasy Mini Kit Qiagen Cat#74104 E.Z.N.A.® Endo-Free Plasmid DNA Midi Kit Omega Cat#D6915-04 Lenti-X Lentiviral Packaging System TaKaRa Cat#632673 Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#13778075 LipofectamineTM 3000 Transfection Reagent Invitrogen Cat#L3000001 Plasmids amplified kit TaKaRa Cat#9057 Human Endothelin 1 ELISA Kit ABclonal Cat#RK09252 Cell Counting Kit-8 Biosharp Cat#BS350B (Continued on next page) Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026 21 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Deposited data RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE267009 Single-nuclei RNA-Seq dataset Gene Expression Omnibus GSE171524 Endothelin type B receptor Protein Structure Database PDB ID: 6IGL SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 fragment Prof. Xioadi Tang, SiChuan University residues 805–1020 Experimental models: Cell lines ATDC5 cells Prof. Limin Rong, Sun Yat-Sen University N/A C28/I2 cells Prof. Danny Chan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A A549-hACE2 cells Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A HUVEC cells Prof. Mo Yang, he Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A MG-63 cells Dr. Poon Chui-wa, Christina, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University N/A Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) Oricell N/A Primary human chondrocytes Isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong N/A Experimental models: Organisms/strains Golden Syrian hamsters Prof. Shuofeng Yuan, The University of Hong Kong N/A Oligonucleotides siRNA targeting EDNRA (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4465 siRNA targeting EDNRB (SilencerTM Select Pre-Designed) Invitrogen s4468 siRNA targeting EDN1 (Sense: 5′-CGAGCACGUUGU UCCGUAU(dT)(dT)-3’; Antisense: 5′-AUACGGAACAACGUGCUCG (dT)(dT)-3′ Tsingke N/A siRNA Negative Contral Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Forward (5′-CACCATTGGCAATGAGCGGTTC3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: β-actin Reverse (5′-AGGTCTTTGCGGATGTCCACGT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Forward (5′-CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: RdRp Reverse (5′-GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Forward (5′-AGGGCTGCTTTTAACTCTGGTAAA-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: GAPDH Reverse (5′-GAATTTGCCATGGGTGGAAT-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Forward (5′-ATCGGTTGGTGCCACTGAATGG-3′) Tsingke N/A qPCR primer: TFRC Reverse (5′-ACAACAGTGGGCTGGCAGAAAC-3′) Tsingke N/A (Continued on next page) 22 Cell Reports 45, 117841, August 25, 2026
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